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H-2A Visa Program: A Complete Guide for U.S. Farmers Seeking Seasonal Labor
The H-2A visa program is a federal tool designed for U.S.
farmers who anticipate a shortage of domestic labor. It allows you to legally
bring in foreign workers for temporary or seasonal agricultural work (typically
10 months or less).
While the program is famous for its paperwork, it provides a
stable, reliable workforce that returns year after year.
The
4-Step Process for Farmers
The process is time-sensitive and usually begins 75 to 60
days before your "Date of Need" (the day you need boots on the
ground).
State
Job Order: You file a job order (Form ETA-790) with your State Workforce Agency
(SWA). They will try to help you find local U.S. workers first.
DOL
Certification: At least 45 days before the start date, you apply for a
Temporary Labor Certification from the Department of Labor (DOL). You must
prove that you've tried to hire locally and that bringing in foreign workers
won't drive down wages for locals.
USCIS
Petition: Once the DOL approves, you file Form I-129 with U.S. Citizenship and
Immigration Services (USCIS) to get the actual "slots" for your
workers.
USCIS
Petition: Once the DOL approves, you file Form I-129 with U.S. Citizenship and
Immigration Services (USCIS) to get the actual "slots" for your
workers.
Key
Employer Obligations
To use the program, the government requires you to provide
certain "guarantees" to the workers:
1. The
3/4 Guarantee:
You must guarantee work hours for at least 75% of the contract
period. If you run out of work early, you still owe them for those hours.
2. Housing
& Meals:
You
must provide free housing that meets OSHA or DOL safety standards. You must
also provide either three meals a day (for a small fee) or free kitchen
facilities for them to cook.
3. Transportation:
You are responsible for the cost of their travel from their
home country to your farm (usually via reimbursement) and the daily transport
between their housing and your fields.
4. Wages:
You
must pay the Adverse Effect Wage Rate (AEWR), which is a state-specific minimum
wage set by the DOL that is often higher than the standard state minimum.
Estimated Costs
While you save on Social Security and Medicare taxes for
H-2A workers, there are upfront costs:
Filing
Fees: Approximately $100 + $10 per worker to the DOL, and around $460–$1,090 to
USCIS depending on farm size.
Visa
Fees: You must reimburse the workers for their $205 visa application fee.
Inbound
Travel: Expect to pay/reimburse for flights and daily "subsistence"
(meals) during travel
Pro
Tip: Many farmers use an H-2A Agent or an association (like WAFLA or USA Farm
Labor) to handle the mountain of paperwork and compliance audits, as missing a
deadline can derail your entire season.
Get
in contact
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all the information you need